Toxic shock syndrome

TSS is extremely rare, but knowing what it is and what to do might save a life.

What is it?

A severe kind of blood poisoning caused by a strain of the bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus. The bacteria release toxins into the bloodstream, causing symptoms to suddenly begin. There are 40 cases per year in the UK, and two or three people die from it.

How can you catch it?

Staphylococcus aureus lives on the skin of many people and is usually harmless, but is sometimes dangerous if it gets into the blood. The bacteria get into the body in different ways, most commonly when a woman is using super-absorbent tampons during a period. Infection can also be through skin wounds, surgery, abscesses, burns or insect bites, so men and children can get it too.

The symptoms

• Sudden high temperature

• Vomiting

• Diarrhoea

• A sunburn-like rash

• Muscle aches

• Dizziness or fainting

What should you do?

• Remove the tampon immediately

• Go to the doctor quickly and get treatment

• TSS can be treated effectively with antibiotics

• If there are hallucinations or confusion, go straight to casualty

Ways to prevent TSS

• If you don't really need super-absorbent tampons, don't use them

• Wash your hands before inserting a tampon

• Change tampons regularly, every four to eight hours

• It may be better to avoid tampons with plastic applicators

• If you have had TSS before, it's best to use sanitary towels and mini-pads